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13 mm² X 500 µm X-Ray Detector

Features Area - 13 mm2 High Efficiency - 500 µm thick 190 eV FWHM Resolution @ 5.9 keV No Liquid Nitrogen	Applications X-Ray Fluorescence OEM & Special Applications Process Control Research Environmental and Nuclear Plant Monitoring RoHS/WEEE compliance XRF machines

The XR-100CR 13 mm² X 500 µm Si-PIN thermoelectrically cooled x-ray detector detector is the most versatile in Amptek's successful line of X-Ray detectors that revolutionized the industry.

With a 13 mm² detection area and the high efficiency of 500 µm thickness, this detector system combines high performance and practical, cost effective solutions to many applications.

FIgure 1. Aluminum fluorescence from ⁵⁵Fe.

XR-100CR 13 mm² X 500 µm Typical Applications

Figure 3. In this example of Lead (Pb) Fluorescence, the 500 µm thick detector enables detection of both the K and L lines.

Figure 4. In this spectrum of Stainless Steel 316, the Molybdenum (Mo) peak is prominently shown due to the high efficiency of the detector.

Figure 5. XRF of Silver (Ag) and Copper (Cu) Alloy. Taken with an external Al collimator and a 35 kVp X-Ray Tube.

Figure 9. The above example shows an XRF analysis of a Saint Gaudens US $20 gold coin with 90% Gold (Au) and 10% Copper (Cu).

Figure 10. Jewelry XRF. Analysis of a Platinum (Pt) ring containing Copper (Cu), traces of Nickel (Ni), and Palladium (Pd).

Figure 11. Jewelry XRF. Analysis of a 14k Gold/White Gold (Au) chain containing Copper (Cu) and Nickel (Ni).

Figure 12. Process Control. Galvanized Steel: Zinc (Zn) plating on Iron (Fe).

Internal Silver or Multilayer Collimators for 500 µm Thick Detectors

The 13 mm² X 500 µm detectors exhibit "edge effects" due to partial charge collection at the edge of the detector which produce a secondary peak.

Figure 13. This plot shows a comparison between a collimated detector and a detector without a collimator.

Although a small effect, approximately 1% of the counts of the 5.9 keV peak, an internal silver (Ag) or multi-layer (see below) collimator is now used on all 13 mm² X 500 µm detectors in order to remove the secondary peak. An external collimator is always possible.

Multilayer Collimator

Collimators can be made from material other than Aluminum, like Copper, Tungsten, Silver or other, provided the fluorescence peaks from the collimator material do not interfere with the anticipated measurement.

In cases where fluorescence peaks produced from the edges of collimators need to be minimized or eliminated, a multilayer collimator can be made by progressively using lower Z materials. Each layer will act as an absorber to the fluorescence peaks of the previous layer. The final layer will be of the lowest Z material whose fluorescence peaks are of low enough energy to be outside the anticipated X-ray detection range.

Amptek has developed a state-of-the-art internal Multilayer Collimator. The base metal is 100 µm of tungsten (W), the first layer is 35 µm of chromium (Cr), the second layer is 15 µm of titanium (Ti), and the last layer is 75 µm of aluminum (Al).

Revised August 10, 2007